SS-31

SS-31 Overview

SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of four amino acids. It was originally developed as part of the Szeto-Schiller peptide series, a class of aromatic-cationic compounds designed to concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Since its characterization in the early 2000s, SS-31 has been studied extensively in controlled experimental settings for its potential influence on cardiolipin stabilization, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Zhao K. et al. (2004).

History

The peptide was first developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller at Weill Cornell Medical College while investigating antioxidants that could reach the primary site of free-radical generation. Early experiments focused on its ability to concentrate at the inner mitochondrial membrane and preserve mitochondrial integrity under oxidative stress. Over time, studies broadened into cardiac, neuronal, renal, and systemic systems, where SS-31 (later developed as elamipretide) consistently demonstrated properties of interest in the context of mitochondrial function and biological resilience.

Birk A.V. et al. (2013).

SS-31 Structure

CAS #:

736992-21-5

Molecular Formula:

C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

Molecular Weight:

639.80 g/mol

PubChem ID:

11764719